Colon Cancer Screening
By: Dr. Abby Hanzlicek
According to the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), individuals at average risk for colon cancer should begin screening at age 45. However, if you have a family history of colorectal cancer or certain genetic conditions, your screening recommendations may differ, and it is essential to consult your healthcare provider for personalized guidance.
There are several options available for colon cancer screening, each with its advantages. The three most common methods are as follows:
- Colonoscopy: Often considered the gold standard in colorectal cancer screening, a colonoscopy can identify approximately 95% of colorectal cancers. One of its key benefits is that it allows for the detection and removal of potentially precancerous polyps during the same procedure. A colonoscopy is generally considered a low-risk procedure and is performed under sedation rather than general anesthesia. If no polyps are found during the exam, the recommended interval for a repeat colonoscopy is typically 10 years.
- FIT Testing (Fecal Immunochemical Test): This is a non-invasive lab test that screens for hidden blood in the stool. Patients collect a stool sample at home and send it to a laboratory for analysis. While FIT testing can effectively rule out colorectal cancer with about 79% accuracy, it does have a false positive rate of approximately 5%, meaning it may indicate blood in the stool even when none is present. To maintain effective screening, FIT testing should be repeated annually. If the result is positive, a follow-up colonoscopy is necessary to evaluate the findings further.
- Cologuard: This test also requires a stool sample and is designed to look for atypical DNA and traces of blood that may suggest the presence of precancerous polyps or colorectal cancer. Cologuard is typically repeated every three years. However, it is important to note that this test has a false positive rate of about 13%, meaning it may indicate that a patient has cancer when they do not. If Cologuard results are positive, a colonoscopy is recommended for further evaluation.
Regardless of which screening option you choose, it is crucial to complete some form of colon cancer screening. The decision about which method is best for you should be personalized based on your individual risk factors, preferences, and discussions with your healthcare provider. Scheduling a visit with your physician is an excellent opportunity to explore your options in detail and make an informed decision about your colorectal health.
