Understanding Concussions: What You Need to Know
By Dr. Abby Hanzlicek
A concussion is a type of brain injury that can occur particularly in sports and high-risk activities. They are fairly common. A concussion can range from mild to severe, and while most individuals recover fully, it’s important to recognize the symptoms and understand the long-term impact that repeated concussions can have on brain health.
A concussion is a type of mild traumatic brain injury caused by a blow or jolt to the head or body that disrupts the normal function of the brain. Concussions are most commonly caused by sports injuries, falls, motor vehicle accidents and violence/abuse. When the brain experiences sudden movement, such as shaking or a direct hit, it can temporarily impair brain cells and their communication with one another. Concussions are typically not life-threatening.
Symptoms of a concussion can appear immediately or may take a few hours to develop. Common signs and symptoms include headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, sensitivity to light and noise, fatigue, blurry vision, feeling “foggy”, slow reaction times, difficulty concentrating, irritability, and increased sensitivity to stress. It’s important to note that symptoms may worsen with physical activity or mental exertion, and they can fluctuate over time. In many cases, symptoms resolve within a few days to weeks, but in some individuals, they can persist longer.
There is no imaging available to diagnose a concussion. Concussions are diagnosed based on the symptoms and the patient’s history of injury. There is no specific cure for a concussion and treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and allowing the brain time to heal. The first step in treating a concussion is rest. Both physical and cognitive rest are necessary to avoid exacerbating the symptoms. Once the initial symptoms have subsided, a gradual return to normal activities may be recommended. It's crucial not to rush this process. Returning to full activity too soon can increase the risk of sustaining another concussion, which can lead to more serious complications.
Most people recover from a concussion with appropriate care, but repeated concussions or inadequate recovery can have long-term effects. For these reasons, it's critical to take concussions seriously and ensure adequate recovery time before returning to high-risk activities.
Concussions are a common but serious brain injury that requires attention and care. Recognizing the symptoms and following recovery guidelines are key to preventing long-term damage. With awareness, education, and prevention strategies, the risks associated with concussions can be significantly reduced, allowing individuals to safely enjoy activities and recover effectively from injuries.
